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DEA（Data Envelopment Analysis）是一種基于數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)劃的方法，用于測量使用多個(gè)輸入以確保多個(gè)輸出的運(yùn)作單元的效率和生產(chǎn)率。通常輸入和輸出是不相稱的。
它開始由Charnes, Cooper, Rhodes (1978) 為規(guī)模報(bào)酬不變 (CRS) 技術(shù)開發(fā)，后來由Banker, Charnes, Cooper (1984) 擴(kuò)展以涵蓋可變規(guī)模報(bào)酬 (VRS) 技術(shù)。自1978年以來，已經(jīng)發(fā)表了數(shù)以千計(jì)的文章、書籍和論文，DEA模型迅速擴(kuò)展到涵蓋規(guī)模收益不變或不變、虛擬或分類變量、自由裁量和非自由裁量變量、合并價(jià)值判斷、縱向分析、隨機(jī)DEA、Malmquist生產(chǎn)力變化指數(shù)和許多其他主題。
DEA已被用于各種情況。例如，它已被用于評(píng)估和比較教育部門（學(xué)校、學(xué)院和大學(xué)）、衛(wèi)生單位（醫(yī)院、診所）、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)單位（農(nóng)場）、銀行、運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)、市場研究、交通（公路維護(hù)、集團(tuán)，鐵路），法院，以及其他應(yīng)用。
PIM-DEAsoft V3：
是來自具有數(shù)十年教學(xué)、研究和應(yīng)用DEA經(jīng)驗(yàn)的學(xué)者的新DEA軟件；
增強(qiáng)了功能，反映了自1980年代以來用戶的累積反饋；
包含新的DEA模型，反映活躍于該領(lǐng)域研究的開發(fā)人員在DEA研究方面的新發(fā)展； 可以評(píng)估生產(chǎn)力隨時(shí)間的變化；
可以為可變和恒定的規(guī)模收益提供生產(chǎn)率變化的替代分解；
捕獲效率變化、規(guī)模效率變化和邊界轉(zhuǎn)移成分；
可以計(jì)算配置效率、成本效率、規(guī)模效率，并確定適用于每個(gè)單位的規(guī)模收益的性質(zhì)；
可以使用引導(dǎo)程序提供DEA效率和偏差校正因子的置信區(qū)間估計(jì)；
提供在DEA評(píng)估中納入價(jià)值判斷或其他限制的便利；
為確定反映不同政策的績效目標(biāo)提供便利；
提供評(píng)估單元超效率的工具，并啟動(dòng)迭代自動(dòng)移除超效率高于用戶指定閾值的單元；
具有圖形輸出功能，用于說明DEA的工作原理和呈現(xiàn)結(jié)果；
對(duì)很大的數(shù)據(jù)集有廣泛的數(shù)據(jù)處理設(shè)施（例如按類別自動(dòng)選擇單位子集以進(jìn)行批處理）； 允許將數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入和導(dǎo)出到Excel以及將結(jié)果導(dǎo)出到Excel；
計(jì)算規(guī)模報(bào)酬不變、非常數(shù)、非遞增和非遞減情況下的效率，并生成具有生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的規(guī)模信息。
立即獲取PIM-DEASOFT的四個(gè)理由
新的DEA軟件
PIM-DEA是來自具有數(shù)十年教學(xué)、研究和應(yīng)用DEA經(jīng)驗(yàn)的學(xué)者的新DEA軟件。
增強(qiáng)功能
PIM-DEA具有增強(qiáng)的功能特性，反映了自1980年代以來用戶的累積反饋。
廣泛的數(shù)據(jù)處理
PIM-DEA具有適用于很大的數(shù)據(jù)集的大量數(shù)據(jù)處理工具（例如，按類別自動(dòng)選擇單元子集以進(jìn)行批處理）；允許將數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入和導(dǎo)出到Excel以及將結(jié)果導(dǎo)出到Excel。
圖形設(shè)施
其圖形工具包括：隨著模型規(guī)范的修改，生產(chǎn)可能性集及其邊界的圖示和實(shí)時(shí)更新、效率直方圖、效率隨時(shí)間變化的趨勢、Malmquist指數(shù)隨時(shí)間變化的趨勢、效率變化趨勢、邊界移動(dòng)和尺度效率隨時(shí)間變化。
特征：
PIM DEAsoft V3是當(dāng)今市場上用于效率和生產(chǎn)率分析的強(qiáng)大、創(chuàng)新的軟件之一。
它使您能夠以有組織的方式直觀地設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)雜的DEA模型。您可以通過使用輸入輸出變量、時(shí)間段、方向、規(guī)?；貓?bào)假設(shè)或要評(píng)估的單元子集的不同組合來設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)估模型的多種變體。所有這些都可以通過單擊鼠標(biāo)在用戶友好的環(huán)境中完成。
它允許您使用分類或其他分類方法定義運(yùn)作單元 (DMU) 的子集，并自動(dòng)找到每個(gè)子集中每個(gè)DMU的效率。
它允許您在運(yùn)行時(shí)運(yùn)作數(shù)據(jù)（例如添加兩列），以便從給定的數(shù)據(jù)源中導(dǎo)出輸入/輸出變量的替代配置，以進(jìn)行“假設(shè)”類型的分析。
其圖形工具包括：隨著模型規(guī)范的修改，生產(chǎn)可能性集及其邊界的圖示和實(shí)時(shí)更新、效率直方圖、效率隨時(shí)間變化的趨勢、Malmquist指數(shù)隨時(shí)間變化的趨勢、效率變化趨勢、邊界移動(dòng)和尺度效率隨時(shí)間變化。
它的功能很直觀——一個(gè)視頻教程向您展示了如何在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)創(chuàng)建和運(yùn)行您的模型。
它很快。– 指定了一批DEA模型后，您可以通過單擊鼠標(biāo)來運(yùn)行它們。
PIM DEAsoft V3提供了許多數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)用程序，包括在不離開PIM DEAsoft環(huán)境的情況下添加/刪除變量、DMU、期間和類別。當(dāng)輸入零或負(fù)數(shù)等異常數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，它會(huì)向您發(fā)出警告。
【英文介紹】
DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) is a mathematical programming based method to measure empirically the efficiency and productivity of operating units using multiple inputs to secure multiple outputs. Typically the inputs and the output are incommensurate.
It was originally developed by Charnes, Cooper, Rhodes (1978) for constant returns to scale (CRS) technologies and was extended later by Banker, Charnes, Cooper(1984) to cover variable returns to scale (VRS) technologies. Since 1978 thousands of articles, books and dissertations have been published and DEA models have rapidly been extended to cover non increasing or non decreasing returns to scale, dummy or categorical variables, discretionary and non-discretionary variables, incorporating value judgments, longitudinal analysis, stochastic DEA, Malmquist indices of productivity chnage,and many other topics.
DEA has been used in a variety of contexts. For example it has been used to evaluate and compare educational departments (schools, colleges and universities), health care units (hospitals, clinics) prisons, agricultural production units (farms), banks, sports teams, market research, transportation (highway maintenance, groups, railways), courts, among other applications.
PIM-DEAsoft V3:
Is the latest up to date DEA software from academics with decades experience in teaching, researching and applying DEA;
Has enhanced functionality reflecting the cumulative feedback from our users since the 1980s;
Contains up-to-date DEA models reflecting the latest developments in DEA research from the developers who are research active in the field;
Can assess productivity change over time;
Can deliver alternative decompositions of productivity change for variable and constant returns to scale; capturing efficiency change, scale efficiency change and boundary shift components;
Can compute allocative efficiency, cost efficiency, scale efficiency and identify the nature of returns to scale applicable at each unit;
Can provide estimates of confidence intervals on DEA efficiencies and bias correction factors using bootstrapping;
Offers the facility for incorporating value judgments or other restrictions within DEA assessments;
Offers the facility for identifying performance targets reflecting varying policies; Offers the facility to assess super-efficiencies of units and set in motion iterative automatic removal of units with super-efficiencies above a user-specified threshold; Features graphical output facilities for illustrating how DEA works and for presenting results;
Has extensive data handling facilities for very large data sets (e.g. automatic selection of subsets of units by category for batch runs);
Permits import and export of data to Excel and the export of results to Excel; Computes efficiencies under constant, non constant, non increasing and non decreasing returns to scale and it produces Most Productive Scale Size information.
