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Oriana for Windows計(jì)算循環(huán)數(shù)據(jù)所需的特殊形式的樣本和樣本間統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)(例如,以度為單位測(cè)量的角度或方向、中的時(shí)間、一周中的、一年中的月份等)。
分析包括平均向量和置信限度等基本統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)、Rayleigh等單樣本分布檢驗(yàn)、Watson-Williams F檢驗(yàn)和卡方檢驗(yàn)等成對(duì)和多樣本檢驗(yàn)以及成對(duì)相關(guān)性。它還以多種方式繪制數(shù)據(jù)圖表,包括玫瑰圖、圓形直方圖或風(fēng)向圖,讓您輕松展示模式。
您正在處理以度為單位的方向數(shù)據(jù)嗎?也許您的研究涉及查看事件在中的時(shí)間模式,或者以每周、每月或每年為周期發(fā)生的事情。這些是循環(huán)數(shù)據(jù),需要特殊類(lèi)型的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。如果你想分析這類(lèi)數(shù)據(jù),那么Oriana正是你所需要的。
Oriana是為Microsoft Windows編寫(xiě)的程序。它計(jì)算循環(huán)數(shù)據(jù)所需的樣本和樣本間統(tǒng)計(jì)的特殊形式。它還以多種方式繪制數(shù)據(jù)圖表,讓您輕松展示模式。這些分析和圖表在其他統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包中很少見(jiàn)。Oriana被設(shè)計(jì)為功能齊全且功能強(qiáng)大,而且直觀且易于使用。
分析
Oriana計(jì)算各種單一樣本統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)以及樣本間比較?;窘y(tǒng)計(jì)量包括循環(huán)均值、均值向量的長(zhǎng)度、循環(huán)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差以及95%和99%的置信限。還有一些單樣本分布檢驗(yàn),如Rayleigh's test of uniformity和Rao's spacing test。樣本可以與各種測(cè)試進(jìn)行比較,例如Watson-Williams測(cè)試或Mardia-Watson-Wheeler測(cè)試。也可以計(jì)算樣本間相關(guān)性。
分析結(jié)果以表格形式呈現(xiàn),可以直接粘貼到您的文字處理器中以生成報(bào)告或手稿。
圖形
Oriana中提供了多種圖形類(lèi)型。每組觀察的數(shù)據(jù)可以用玫瑰圖或圓形直方圖進(jìn)行總結(jié)??梢远询B玫瑰圖/直方圖條以顯示數(shù)據(jù)中子集的相對(duì)比例。也可以繪制線性直方圖。
線性數(shù)據(jù)可以合并到兩個(gè)可變玫瑰圖或直方圖以及矢量圖中,其中為每種情況繪制箭頭或條形,長(zhǎng)度代表線性數(shù)據(jù),以及圓形散點(diǎn)圖。
個(gè)人觀察可以顯示在原始數(shù)據(jù)圖中。分布圖可讓您評(píng)估數(shù)據(jù)是否偏離均勻分布或von Mises分布。也可以用QQ圖比較兩組觀測(cè)值的分布,也可以制作規(guī)則的散點(diǎn)圖。
可以修改圖形外觀的各個(gè)方面,包括字體、線條顏色、對(duì)象和背景,以及標(biāo)題和軸標(biāo)簽的文本。圖表準(zhǔn)備就緒后,您可以將它們打印到任意Windows打印機(jī),保存為各種圖形格式,或?qū)⑺鼈儚?fù)制并粘貼到任意其他Windows應(yīng)用程序。
數(shù)據(jù)處理
Oriana可以原生處理多種數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型。除了以度為單位的角度數(shù)據(jù)(單向或雙向),您還可以將循環(huán)數(shù)據(jù)輸入為中的時(shí)間、一周中的某或一年中的一個(gè)月(使用您的母語(yǔ)),或者數(shù)字周或一年中的某。您還可以輸入數(shù)據(jù)作為羅盤(pán)方向(例如NW表示西北)。
Oriana還可以接受各種非循環(huán)數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型,包括線性數(shù)字、日期、標(biāo)簽和特殊的子分組變量。這些數(shù)據(jù)可以與您的循環(huán)數(shù)據(jù)配對(duì)以識(shí)別案例,允許分析數(shù)據(jù)子組,或允許將線性數(shù)據(jù)合并到您的圖表和分析中(通過(guò)雙變量堆疊直方圖和循環(huán)線性相關(guān))。
數(shù)據(jù)在類(lèi)似編輯器的電子表格中輸入,并為某些變量類(lèi)型提供特殊的輸入幫助(例如,通過(guò)從列表中選擇月份或僅輸入前一個(gè)或兩個(gè)字母,或從彈出式日歷中選擇日期來(lái)輸入月份)。您也可以選擇以頻率表的形式輸入數(shù)據(jù)。
Oriana可以處理分組循環(huán)數(shù)據(jù)。在這些數(shù)據(jù)中,觀測(cè)值已被近似地記錄到接近的間隔(例如,接近20°或每小時(shí)),而不是準(zhǔn)確記錄。Oriana自動(dòng)檢驗(yàn)分組數(shù)據(jù)并標(biāo)記它們(在用戶確認(rèn)的情況下),以便在相關(guān)時(shí)相應(yīng)地調(diào)整統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。Oriana也可以接受并自動(dòng)處理丟失的數(shù)據(jù)。
提供了多種數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)作功能。這些包括用自動(dòng)生成的數(shù)據(jù)填充變量(相同的、遞增的或隨機(jī)的,來(lái)自均勻或von Mises分布),對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行排序,將日期匯總為一周中的幾天,一年中的幾個(gè)月等,在變量類(lèi)型之間進(jìn)行更改,以及查找和替換設(shè)施。數(shù)據(jù)也可以從/導(dǎo)出到Excel(包括Excel 2007/2010)、Lotus 123、Quattro、dBase、Paradox和ASCII文本。數(shù)據(jù)也可以從任意Windows程序直接粘貼到數(shù)據(jù)編輯器中。
桌面比擬
Oriana使用KCS桌面比擬(參見(jiàn)屏幕截圖)。你可以一邊研究一邊把你的數(shù)據(jù)、統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果和幾張圖表攤開(kāi)在你面前,就像桌面上的紙一樣。嘗試新圖表、添加新數(shù)據(jù)、細(xì)讀結(jié)果,然后打印或保存您需要的那些。
當(dāng)您退出Oriana時(shí),您可以保存桌面上所有窗口的位置和內(nèi)容。稍后您可以將其恢復(fù)到相同的狀態(tài)。Oriana讓您可以從中斷的地方繼續(xù)??梢詾椴煌捻?xiàng)目保存多個(gè)桌面。
一個(gè)單獨(dú)的記事本窗口允許您對(duì)您的分析做筆記。這些與圖形和結(jié)果一起保存在桌面文件中,并且可以復(fù)制或?qū)С龅侥奈淖痔幚砥鳌?/p>
Oriana用戶界面具有可自定義的工具欄,可讓您為常用的指令添加按鈕,可選的個(gè)性化菜單開(kāi)始僅顯示您近來(lái)使用的指令(如在 Office XP? 中)。

系統(tǒng)要求
Microsoft Windows 98SE/Windows NT 4 或更高版本(包括 Windows ME/2000/XP/2003/Vista/7/8/10/11)
512Mb內(nèi)存
12Mb磁盤(pán)空間
【英文介紹】
Are you working with directional data measured in degrees? Perhaps your research involves looking at patterns in the time of day of events, or things that occur in weekly, monthly or yearly cycles. These are circular data and they require special types of statistics. If you want to analyse this type of data, then Oriana is just what you need.
Oriana is a program written for Microsoft Windows. It calculates the special forms of sample and inter-sample statistics required for circular data. It also graphs your data in a variety of ways, allowing you to easily demonstrate patterns. These analyses and graphs are rarely found in other statistical packages.
Oriana is designed to be full featured and powerful, but also intuitive and easy to use.
Analyses
Oriana calculates a variety of single sample statistics as well as inter-sample comparisons. The basic statistics include the circular mean, length of the mean vector, circular standard deviation and 95% and 99% confidence limits. There are also a number of single sample distribution tests, such as Rayleigh's test of uniformity and Rao's spacing test. Samples can be compared with
various tests such as Watson-Williams test or Mardia-Watson-Wheeler test. Intersample correlations can also be calculated.
The results of the analyses are presented in a tabular format, ready for pasting directly into your word processor for a report or manuscript.
The number of variables and cases that Oriana can analyze is only limited by the amount of installed memory and disk space (up to 2 billion maximum).
Graphics
A variety of graph types are available in Oriana. The data for each set of observations can be summarized with rose diagrams or circular histograms. The rose diagram/histogram bars can be stacked to show the relative proportions of subsets within the data. Linear histograms can also be plotted.
Linear data can be incorporated into two variable rose diagrams or histograms as well as in vector plots, where an arrow or bar is drawn for each case, with the length representing the linear data, and circular scatterplots.
Individual observations can be shown in raw data plots. Distribution plots allow you to assess whether the data depart from a uniform or von Mises distribution. The distributions of two sets of observations can also be compared with Q-Q plots, and regular scattergrams can also be produced.
Various aspects of the appearance of the graph can be modified, including fonts, colors of lines, objects and background, and text of titles and axis labels. When the graphs are ready you can print them to any Windows printer, save to various graphic formats, or copy and paste them to any other Windows application.