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PORFLOW是一個綜合性的CFD工具，由ACRi軟件公司開發(fā)，用于準(zhǔn)確解決涉及瞬態(tài)或穩(wěn)態(tài)流體流動，熱，鹽度和質(zhì)量傳輸?shù)亩嘞?，可變飽和，多孔或斷裂介質(zhì)中的動態(tài)相變等問題。多孔/斷裂的介質(zhì)可以是各向異性的，并且可能存在異質(zhì)的任意來源（注入井或泵井），并且可能發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)或放射性衰變。它適應(yīng)交替的流體和媒體屬性關(guān)系以及復(fù)雜和任意的邊界條件。幾何可以是2D或3D，笛卡爾或圓柱形，網(wǎng)格可以是結(jié)構(gòu)化的或非結(jié)構(gòu)化的，為用戶提供很大的靈活性。
簡而言之，PORFLOW是專門為地下水模擬和核廢物管理領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人士開發(fā)的一款軟件。在CFD的意義上，這是一個非常有趣的子部分，我們可以在處理流體通過毛孔，裂縫和固體的裂紋時，同時計算從流體到固體的傳熱（反之亦然）。
增強(qiáng)功能摘要：版本5.50
對于先前版本的5.50版的演變和更改
咨詢安排下的自適應(yīng)網(wǎng)格的選項
可根據(jù)咨詢安排提供擴(kuò)展的網(wǎng)格元素庫（HYBRID Elements）
擴(kuò)展以提供多達(dá)400個字段變量（以前為200個）
擴(kuò)展以解決多達(dá)200個運輸方程式（以前是100個）
擴(kuò)展為使用DEFIne命令提供多達(dá)256個符號變量（以前為128個）
使用FLUX、HISTORY、OUTPUT、PRIN和WRITE命令的更多輸出選項
用于計算物體和表面上的力和力矩的選項
直接輸出熱通量和質(zhì)量通量，努賽爾數(shù)，切應(yīng)力，Y+和其他工程量
新命令（CORRELATION）用于計算自動，交叉和兩點相關(guān)
診斷輸出得到改進(jìn)，易用E格式替換匯聚索引“****”字段（大值）
在笛卡爾網(wǎng)格內(nèi)輸入徑向（旋轉(zhuǎn)速度的新選項）
擴(kuò)展選項以從頂點列表中指定邊界位置
LOCATE命令的擴(kuò)展選項定義六面體和多邊形對象，基于頂點的邊界，基于坐標(biāo)的列表，相關(guān)元素，互補(bǔ)曲面和球體
流固耦合移動對象的小排量
IF_THEN_ELSE元命令可有效管理輸入數(shù)據(jù)可進(jìn)行敏感性研究
計算改進(jìn)，可通過基于直接距離的函數(shù)更好地插值到面部
Bouyancy有道對流的擴(kuò)展選項，包括用于Boussinesq逼近的緊湊輸入
針對2D問題引入了GridLess Computing；GRID命令增強(qiáng)
使用MATRIX ITERATION命令更好地控制矩陣解
LLNL的MPI和HYPRE求解器提供了Parrallel平臺接口
新選項的SAVE和WRITE命令，以提供更多的靈活的性，便攜性和用戶控制
帶有ADAPTIVE命令的“自適應(yīng)網(wǎng)格”選項現(xiàn)在對十六進(jìn)制結(jié)構(gòu)化和非結(jié)構(gòu)化網(wǎng)格完全起作用
使用增強(qiáng)的CONVERGERNCE命令可以更好地進(jìn)行收斂控制。選擇檢查整套動量變量的參考指數(shù)收斂性
增強(qiáng)的選項來指定函數(shù)關(guān)系的流體性質(zhì)，如比熱，密度和粘度
PORFLOW物理建模和詳細(xì)功能：
單個統(tǒng)計軟件工具中的瞬態(tài)或穩(wěn)態(tài)，可壓縮或不可壓縮，飽和，滲流，自由表面或多相流
具有離散斷裂的非均質(zhì)各向異性多孔介質(zhì)
一、二或三流階段
液體或氣體（例如水或空氣）
液體和氣體（例如水和空氣）
固體和液體（例如冰水）
液體，液體和氣體（例如水+油+空氣）
集成熱傳輸
綜合鹽分運輸
具有無限數(shù)量的用戶定義物種的大規(guī)模運輸
多種反應(yīng)機(jī)理
半條命衰變
恒定反應(yīng)速率
再生鏈衰變
一階，二階或三階Arrhenius
無限制的再生
分布與延遲（Kd/Rd）系數(shù)
任意一階，二階或三階Arrhenius動力學(xué)，帶或不帶湍流限制
用戶定義的運輸方程式和變量的任意數(shù)量
空間，時間，相位或用戶定義的變量的字段變量，源，邊界條件和流體/矩陣屬性函數(shù)，功能強(qiáng)大，這些函數(shù)包括：
任意列表，逐步或線性，周期或非周期函數(shù)
多項式，冪律，指數(shù)，正弦或?qū)?shù)函數(shù)
強(qiáng)大的分析系列功能
用戶定義的任意功能
來源：直接，大規(guī)模注射，溶解度受限，輻射或Arrhenius動力學(xué)
表面積或體積的函數(shù)來源
時間，空間或任意因變量或用戶定義的變量的函數(shù)
任何數(shù)量的任意數(shù)量和來源混合
邊界條件：Dirichlet，Neumann，輻射和其他派生類型
許多其他物理現(xiàn)象的子模型
數(shù)值方法和矩陣求解器的選擇
在過去25年中，PORFLOW從簡單的流量和熱傳遞數(shù)學(xué)模型發(fā)展成為綜合軟件工具，用于分析地質(zhì)介質(zhì)中流量，熱量和質(zhì)量傳輸?shù)膹V泛環(huán)境應(yīng)用。它提供了復(fù)雜三維幾何，瞬態(tài)或穩(wěn)態(tài)流，有限或無約束含水層，完全或部分飽和介質(zhì)，單相或多相系統(tǒng)中的流動，熱和多種化學(xué)物質(zhì)的耦合運輸，以及液體和固相和液相和氣相。它已經(jīng)從一個簡單的計算機(jī)代碼，幾個模塊和更少的選項增長到具有超過300個模塊的軟件包，以及可以適應(yīng)幾乎任何用戶要求的多功能選項。
PORFLOW已被用來分析鹽水侵入淡水含水層和危險廢物處理場所的各種問題。
例如：評估幾天內(nèi)含水層的抽水，幾年內(nèi)對廢物場地的修復(fù)，在幾十年內(nèi)廢物罐的腐蝕以及在幾十萬年期間從核廢料中運輸污染物的情況。
在此過程中，PORFLOW隨著用戶需求的發(fā)展而變化。在每個階段，都保留了軟件的靈活性和通用性，同時添加了軟件來滿足用戶的需求。
結(jié)果，今天的PORFLOW提供了一種靈活的格式，既不綁定到特定的算法，也不綁定到特定的方法。相反，它提供了促進(jìn)實驗的框架。用戶可以更改數(shù)值方案，求解方法，矩陣求逆算法或任何物理或數(shù)學(xué)特征。
在PORFLOW的所有功能中，兩個值得特別提及：
通過對話式FREEFORM?命令語言提供的各種各樣的問題；易于使用的應(yīng)用程序的通用性。
這些使PORFLOW成為其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的軟件。
PORFLOW也通過其用戶的多樣性與其他計算機(jī)模型區(qū)分開來。15個country的商業(yè)、研究和教育組織正在使用該軟件。其用戶包括：
美國能源部
美國地質(zhì)勘探局
美國核研究委員會
美國科學(xué)研究院
Idaho工程實驗室
Oak Ridge實驗室
Savannah River實驗室
Battelle太平洋西北實驗室
ANDRA（法國）
SCK-CEN（比利時）
加拿大核能公司（加拿大）
Westinghouse
美國航天航空公司
Fluor Daniel
Rockwell
以及大量其他商業(yè)組織。目前，有超過100份的出版物和項目報告介紹以PORFLOW為基準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行核查和應(yīng)用。
PORFLOW已被廣泛地同行評議過了。Idaho工程實驗室，巴特爾太平洋西北大學(xué)（Battelle Pacific Northwest）和不列顛哥倫比亞大學(xué)（University of Brith Columbia）的艾倫·弗雷茲（Allan Freeze）教授已經(jīng)正式審查了PORFLOW或其衍生物。此外，它還經(jīng)過了ANDRA（法國），BAe-SEMA（英國），英國石油（英國），?？松a(chǎn)研究所，F(xiàn)ailure Analysis Associates，F(xiàn)luor Daniel Inc，法國天然氣公司（法國），上汽集團(tuán)，殼牌公司、石油，SOHIO和Westinghouse Hanford公司。
【英文介紹】
PORFLOW is a comprehensive CFD tool developed by Analytic & Computational Research, Inc., ACRi, to accurately solve problems involving transient or steady state fluid flow, heat, salinity and mass transport in multi-phase, variably saturated, porous or fractured media with dynamic phase change. The porous/fractured media may be anisotropic and heterogeneous, arbitrary sources (injection or pumping wells) may be present and, chemical reactions or radioactive decay may take place. It accommodates alternate fluid and media property relations and complex and arbitrary boundary conditions. The geometry may be 2D or 3D, Cartesian or Cylindrical and the mesh may be structured orunstructured, giving maximum flexibility to the user.
In a nutshell,PORFLOWis developed specifically for professionals in the Ground Water Simulation and Nuclear Waste Management fields. This is a very interesting sub-section of CFD, in the sense that we are dealing with fluid flow through pores, fractures and cracks of a solid body, while calculating the heat transfer from fluid to solid (or vice versa) if needed.
Although it is a very specific field, PORFLOW holds a very strong share in the market. Some high profile users along with the projects that they use PORFLOW in are listed in thePartial List of PORFLOW Users. Among past and present users, Yucca Mountain Project, ANDRA, AECL and Golder and Associates come to mind right away.
Physical Models Built into PORFLOW and Detailed Capabilities:
Transient or Steady state, Compressible or Incompressible, Saturated, Vadose, Free Surface, or Multi-phase flow in a Single Unified Software Tool.
Inhomogeneous, Anisotropic Porous Medium with Discrete Fractures
One, Two or Three Flow Phases
Liquid or Gas (e.g. Water or Air)
Liquid and Gas (e.g. Water and Air)
Solid and Liquid (e.g. Ice-Water)
Liquid, Liquid and Gas (e.g. Water + Oil + Air)
Integrated Thermal Transport
Integrated Salinity Transport
Mass Transport with Unlimited number of User-defined Species
Variety of Reaction Mechanisms
Half Life Decay
Constant reaction rate
Chain Decay with Regeneration
Multi-step 1st, 2nd, or 3rd order Arrhenius
Unrestricted Regeneration
Distribution & Retardation (Kd/Rd) Coefficients
Arbitrary 1st, 2nd or 3rd order Arrhenius Kinetics with or without turbulent limiting
Arbitrary number of User-Defined Transport Equations and Variables
Field Variables, Sources, Boundary Conditions and Fluid/Matrix Properties functions of space, time, phase or user-defined variables by powerful functions which include:
Arbitrary Tabulated, Stepwise or Linear, Periodic or Non-Periodic Functions
Polynomial, Power Law, Exponential, Sinusoidal or Logarithmic Functions
Powerful Analytic Series Functions
Arbitrary User-Defined functions
Sources: Direct, Mass Injection, Solubility Limited, Radiation or Arrhenius Kinetics
Sources that are functions of surface area or volume
Functions of time, space or any dependent or user-defined variable
Any number and mix of sources for any variable
Boundary Conditions: Dirichlet, Neumann, Radiation and other derived types
Sub-models for many otherphysical phenomena.
Choice of Numerical methodsand Matrix Solvers.
During the past 25 years, PORFLOW? has evolved from a simple mathematical model for flow and heat transfer into a comprehensive software tool for analysis of a wide range of environmental applications in flow, heat and mass transport in geologic media. It provides for coupled transport of flow, heat and multiple chemical species in complex three-dimensional geometry, transient or steady-state flow, confined or unconfined aquifers, fully or partially saturated media, single or multiple phase systems, and phase change between liquid and solid and liquid and gaseous phases. It has grown from a simple computer code with few modules and fewer options to a software package with well over 300 modules and a versatile set of options that can accommodate almost any user requirements.
PORFLOW? has been used to analyze problems as diverse as salinity intrusion into fresh water aquifers and remediation of hazardous waste sites. It has been used to evaluate pumping of an aquifer over a period of days, remediation of waste sites over a period of years, corrosion of waste canisters over tens of years, and transport of contaminants from nuclear waste over a time span of hundreds of thousands of years.
In the process, PORFLOW has evolved with the user's needs. At every stage, the flexibility and generality of the software were maintained while options were added to address user requirements. As a result, today PORFLOW provides a flexible format that is bound neither to a specific algorithm, nor to a particular methodology. Rather, it provides a framework that facilitates experimentation. The user can change numerical schemes, solution method, matrix inversion algorithms, or any of the physical or mathematical features.
Of all features of PORFLOW, two deserve special mention: generality of applications over a diverse range of problems, and ease of use provided by the conversational FREEFORM? command language. These have enabled PORFLOW to emerge as leading software in its field of application.
PORFLOW is also distinguished from other computer models by the diversity of its users. Commercial, research and educational organizations in 15 countries are using the software. Among its users are: U.S. DOE, USGS, U.S.NRC, U.S.Army, Southwest Research Institute, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Savannah River Laboratory, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory, ANDRA (France), SCK-CEN (Belgium), AECL (Canada), Westinghouse, Lockheed Martin, Fluor Daniel, Rockwell, and a large number of other commercial organizations. Over 100 publications and project reports on the benchmarking, verification and application of PORFLOW are currently available.
PORFLOW has been extensively peer-reviewed. Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Battelle Pacific Northwest, and Prof. Allan Freeze of the University of British Columbia have formmaly reviewed PORFLOW or its derivatives. Additionally, it has been reviewed by ANDRA (France), BAe-SEMA (UK), British Petroleum (UK), Exxon Production Research, Failure Analysis Associates Inc., Fluor Daniel Inc., Gaz de France (France), SAIC, Shell Oil, SOHIO, and Westinghouse Hanford Company.
