今天這篇“天行人不斷學習系列六之物理學科探索篇”的作者是天行物理組學科組長張曉雪Xue老師。在Birkdale學校學習期間，曉雪老師不斷找尋著“別人家的孩子”、”別人家的老師”如何學與教的奧秘，其中，讓曉雪老師印象最深刻的就是三個方面：實驗、討論、筆記。為期三周的學習，曉雪老師受益匪淺，也明確了物理學科接下來的教學方向，希望以此為出發(fā)點，讓物理成為同學們探索世界的有力助手。在來英國學習之前，就已經(jīng)確定了本次學習的主要目的——實驗，帶著這個想法，踏上了英國的學習旅途。聽了很多課，接收了很多的信息，最讓自己印象深刻的就是3個方面：實驗、討論、筆記。
Experiment would serve as the main purpose of the study. When the idea was determined, we embarked on a study journey to UK. In Birkdale, we observed lots of lessons, and received a lot of information. The most impressive aspects are experiment, discussion and notes.
▲中間為曉雪老師
帶著疑惑走進課堂，看看“別人家的老師”是如何上課的
猶記得，第一節(jié)課帶給我的震撼是非常大的，同時也很興奮。但在聽了一些課之后，開始反思，我們之間的不同是什么？怎么將兩個學校物理學科的優(yōu)點相結合？這才是接下來的工作重心。于是，我?guī)е皠e人家的孩子”，”別人家的老師”如何學與教為出發(fā)點，找尋其中的奧秘。
I still remember the first lesson, which shocked me greatly and excited me as well. When we finished some lessons, we began to reflect. What is the difference between us? How to combine the advantages of physics in Birkdale and Teensen? It is the focus of the following work. Thus, I started the exploration of how trophy teachers teach and how trophy students learn.
在物理學中，“波”這個知識點對學生來說，是比較難理解的，所以我很好奇他們的初中生是怎么去理解“波”的。
Usually, it is hard for students to understand the wave in physics, so I wonder how students in Birkdale do it.
帶著這樣的疑問走進第一節(jié)課堂，Birkdale的物理老師當時做了一個橫波和縱波的演示實驗。在此之前，老師已經(jīng)講過了波的基本定義，所以這堂課的重點就是用實驗儀器來證實原理。好處是學生可以很直觀的用眼去看到這些實驗現(xiàn)象，知道粒子是如何振動的。緊接著又是“駐波”的演示實驗，通過實驗，讓學生總結“駐波”的特點，從而引出“駐波”的基本概念，最后用計算加深學生們對知識的理解。
We observed the first lesson, and Birkdale's physics teacher was making a demonstration experiment of S-wave and P-wave then. The basic definition of wave had been taught already, so the key point of the lesson was to verify the principle by experimental equipments. It was beneficial for students to see these experimental phenomena with their eyes and know how the particles vibrate. Then came the demonstration experiment of stationary wave. Through the experiments, students could summarize the characteristics of stationary wave. As the teacher presented the basic concept of stationary wave, students deepened understanding finally with calculation.
▲橫波、縱波實驗儀器
構建物理模型，直觀理解知識
這些很難去解釋的物理知識，Birkdale的老師僅僅靠一個小小的演示，就可以讓學生輕松理解，原因是什么？
It's hard to explain the physics knowledge, while the students could understand them easily with a small demonstration by teachers in Birkdale. Why?
那就是課程的設計以及實驗操作的能力。
It depends on the ability of course design and experiment operation.
▲電子衍射實驗
聽完這堂課后，也解開了我一直的困惑，一些物理知識難以理解是因為學生們不能用眼睛直觀的看到，我們沒有去構建一個物理模型。
When the lesson finished, I also solved my puzzlement all along. The reason why some physics knowledge is difficult to understand is that students failed to see the phenomena with their eyes. We didn't build a physical model.
▲左為分子擴散實驗、右為機械效率實驗
物理實驗是很重要的一部分，可以讓學生看到實驗現(xiàn)象，進行總結。
The physics experiment serves a significant part. It lets students see the experiment phenomena and summarize it.
除了實驗之外，Birkdale很注重學生之間的討論，尤其是在實驗演示之后，會讓學生自己得出實驗結論。學生會在課堂上發(fā)表自己的見解，哪怕是錯的，也會提出來?？吹贸鰜?，Birkdale的學生都很主動的回答問題，每次老師拋出一個問題，都會有很多學生舉手搶著回答。
In addition to experiments, discussion is also attached great importance in Birkdale, especially after demonstration experiments. Students will be led to their own conclusions. Students will express their opinions in class, even if they are wrong. It can be seen that students in Birkdale are very active in answering questions. Once the teacher raise a question, many students put up their hands and rush to answer it.
在整節(jié)課完成實驗，討論，下定義之后，學生從認知，到理解，再到應用，完整的教學設計閉環(huán)，同時這也是十分考驗老師教學功底的。
When the experiment, discussion and definition are completed, students are accessible to cognition, understanding and application. A complete closed-loop teaching design tests teaching skills.
Birkdale的學生參加A2考試，學生會根據(jù)老師提供的預估成績?nèi)ド暾埓髮W，所以要求學生一定要有很好的平時表現(xiàn)。課堂上沒有犯困和打盹的學生，學生的注意力很集中。
Students in Birkdale take the A2 test, and apply for the university by estimated scores provided by their teachers. So students are required to have good daily performances. Hardly sleepy or dozing in class, they are very focused.
Birkdale學生的筆記
多年的科學課的學習，為即將學習A-Level課程的學生打下很好的實驗操作基礎和能力。那對于我們來說，怎樣去結合中國學生的能力去設計實驗，讓他們可以理解相關物理知識，是我們天行物理組接下來教學的重中之重。
Years of science course has laid a good foundation and ability for students who are going to study A-level course. And as for us, the top priority of Teensen’s physics group in the following teaching is how to design experiments with abilities of Chinese students so that they could understand the relevant physical knowledge.
天行的物理組正處在發(fā)展之中，怎么讓學生喜歡物理，從而高效的學習物理是我們一直所追求的。在自己以后的教學生涯中，要多引入實驗，幫助學生更好的去理解物理知識，從學生的興趣點出發(fā)，培養(yǎng)學生的探究精神。
The physics group in Teensen has been developing, and we have been continuously pursuing to let students fall in love with physics and learn physics efficiently. In the future, I am supposed to be in terms of interests of students, to introduce more experiments, to help them gain better understanding of physics knowledge and to cultivate their spirit of exploration.為期三周的學習，也明確了我們接下來的教學方向，希望以此為出發(fā)點，讓物理成為同學們探索世界的有力助手。
The three-week study has also made us clear about the teaching direction in the future. We will keep it in mind and we hope to make physics a powerful tool for students to explore the world.
撰寫：Xue張曉雪
編輯：Wendy 賈西貝
翻譯：Sydia熊文琪
朗讀：Jessica 吳子欣
Roxy 黃昱榕
Cathy 樂開心
主編：Jane 肖 依
總編：Gary 高 陸
