Mathematica 9 新增400多個(gè)函數(shù)，對(duì)57個(gè)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的功能進(jìn)行了增強(qiáng)或改進(jìn)。功能亮點(diǎn)包括：
* 新增 Wolfram 預(yù)測(cè)界面，這是對(duì) Mathematica 導(dǎo)航和查詢功能的極大改進(jìn)，也是 Wolfram 所倡導(dǎo)的 Compute-as-You-Think（讓計(jì)算隨心所欲）理念的一部分
* 新增圖與網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析功能，包括 Facebook、LinkedIn、Twitter 等社交網(wǎng)站的內(nèi)置鏈接
* 高度集成的單位支持，包括在圖形和數(shù)值以及符號(hào)式計(jì)算中的自由格式語(yǔ)言輸入、單位換算和量綱一致性檢查
* 新增數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)、概率和統(tǒng)計(jì)的重要功能，包括生存性和可靠性分析、馬爾可夫鏈、排隊(duì)論、時(shí)間序列以及隨機(jī)微分方程等
* R 語(yǔ)言完全集成入 Mathematica 的工作流程，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)和代碼的無(wú)縫交流
* 三維立體圖像處理以及核外技術(shù)，將性能拓展到非常大的二維和三維圖像及視頻
* 集成的模擬和數(shù)字信號(hào)處理
引入 Wolfram 預(yù)測(cè)界面通過(guò)預(yù)測(cè)您下一步的操作，優(yōu)化工作流中瀏覽和探索各種功能。
下一步計(jì)算建議欄
某個(gè)計(jì)算一旦完成，您將得到關(guān)于下一步操作的化建議。按下按鈕即可運(yùn)行一個(gè)新函數(shù)，或者彈出互動(dòng)向?qū)?。這是一個(gè)全新的界面模式，幫助您在 Mathematica 系統(tǒng)
基于語(yǔ)境的輸入助手
與 Mathematica 完美的文檔系統(tǒng)集成，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì) Mathematica 各種函數(shù)、選項(xiàng)和其他元素的智能化自動(dòng)補(bǔ)全和突出顯示。
企業(yè)版 CDF 的部署
全新的 Mathematica 企業(yè)版 具備直接的 CDF 部署功能，以及運(yùn)行時(shí)間的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)和其他增強(qiáng)功能。預(yù)覽模式模擬 CDF Player 和 Wolfram Player Pro。
提供對(duì)隨機(jī)過(guò)程的全面支持
mathematica9.0提供對(duì)隨時(shí)間隨機(jī)演變的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行建模的廣義框架，并且支持仿真、估計(jì)、切片 分布和均值以及協(xié)方差函數(shù)。
馬爾可夫鏈和隊(duì)列
mathematica9.0自動(dòng)支持離散和連續(xù)時(shí)間馬爾可夫鏈以及隊(duì)列網(wǎng)絡(luò)。計(jì)算性能度量和設(shè)計(jì)諸如呼叫中心或者服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)等應(yīng)用的過(guò)程。
時(shí)間序列和隨機(jī)微分方程
mathematica9.0從數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)估計(jì)時(shí)間序列模型并根據(jù)模型進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。計(jì)算金融、信號(hào)處理等領(lǐng)域的隨機(jī)微分方程的符號(hào)式屬性。
可靠性分析
全套可靠性分析工具，具有可靠性框圖、故障樹(shù)、備用模型和重要性測(cè)量的功能。
生存分析
mathematica9.0可以廣泛支持各種刪截?cái)?shù)據(jù)、優(yōu)化的參數(shù)式和非參數(shù)式生存模型建?？蚣?，以及各種廣義假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)函數(shù)。
增強(qiáng)的概率和統(tǒng)計(jì)功能
擴(kuò)展了概率和統(tǒng)計(jì)功能，包括依賴性測(cè)量、全新的假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)、加權(quán)數(shù)據(jù)和全新的參數(shù)式和導(dǎo)出布。
增強(qiáng)的圖與網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能
全新和優(yōu)化的隨機(jī)圖分布，網(wǎng)絡(luò)流功能和性能的全面改進(jìn)。
與 R 的內(nèi)置集成
mathematica9.0把 R 代碼集成到您的 Mathematica 工作流中，在 Mathematica 和 R 之間交換數(shù)據(jù)，并且從 Mathematica 內(nèi)部執(zhí)行 R 代碼。包含 R runtime 的自動(dòng)下載功能。
三維立體圖像處理
mathematica9.0圖像處理引擎現(xiàn)可支持三維立體圖像處理，比如像素操作、局部濾波和形態(tài)學(xué)。包括三維表面和立體渲染。
全新圖像處理算法
使用特征跟蹤、面部檢測(cè)、圖像增強(qiáng)和其他高度優(yōu)化的算法來(lái)執(zhí)行圖像的全面分析。
交互式圖像助手
探索圖像處理功能的全新方式，具有點(diǎn)擊式訪問(wèn)的功能—所有這些都能在筆記本環(huán)境中實(shí)現(xiàn)。
大型圖像支持
使用核外技術(shù)，Mathematica 9 在相當(dāng)大的二維和三維立體圖像中也具有卓越的性能。
HDR 圖像支持
mathematica9.0導(dǎo)入高動(dòng)態(tài)范圍（HDR）圖像和顏色配置文件數(shù)據(jù)，以及改進(jìn)的 JPEG 和 PNG 格式的支持。
集成模擬和數(shù)字信號(hào)處理
信號(hào)（聲音、圖像和多維數(shù)據(jù)）的濾波和分析，以及交互式濾波器的即時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)和部署。支持 SystemModeler。
增強(qiáng)的控制系統(tǒng)功能
mathematica9.0創(chuàng)建包括時(shí)間延遲和代數(shù)方程的模型，并且可以與 Mathematica 的全套控制系統(tǒng)工具一起使用。自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建 PID 控制器，以滿足您的設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
微分方程求解方面的主要改進(jìn)
求解具有斷點(diǎn)的微分方程、混合離散/連續(xù)動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)、參數(shù)式微分方程和微分代數(shù)方程。
內(nèi)置符號(hào)式張量
有效支持各種符號(hào)式數(shù)組，從簡(jiǎn)單的向量到具有任意階數(shù)、維度和對(duì)稱性的數(shù)組。
全新和改進(jìn)的核心算法
全新的特別函數(shù)、線性和多項(xiàng)式代數(shù)的增強(qiáng)功能和系統(tǒng)范圍內(nèi)的重大性能改進(jìn)。
其他全新改進(jìn)功能
向量分析支持，包括向量微積分和坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)
內(nèi)置商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)/日歷支持
擴(kuò)展的可視化和控件功能
面板和控件的高度自定義的互動(dòng)量規(guī)，全系統(tǒng)范圍內(nèi)支持圖線和圖表的自動(dòng)圖例，以及面向信號(hào)處理的全新專(zhuān)業(yè)可視化功能。
全新導(dǎo)入和導(dǎo)出格式
mathematica9.0
廣泛支持諸如分子生物學(xué)、高動(dòng)態(tài)范圍圖像處理和化學(xué)光譜學(xué)等各種領(lǐng)域中的全新的數(shù)據(jù)格式。
全面的網(wǎng)頁(yè)訪問(wèn)支持
全面的客戶端網(wǎng)頁(yè)訪問(wèn)，以與遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器交換數(shù)據(jù)，與網(wǎng)頁(yè) API 交互。AJAX 樣式編程的異步接。
全新設(shè)計(jì)的幻燈片模板
mathematica9.0具有新樣式模板的幻燈片演示的更新外觀，支持背景圖像。
其他全新改進(jìn)功能
底層輸入和輸出流操作支持
增強(qiáng)了特色范例和學(xué)習(xí)資源等文檔內(nèi)容
重新設(shè)計(jì)的默認(rèn)樣式表和新模板
What Is Mathematica?
Almost any workflow involves computing results, and that’s what Mathematica
does—from building a hedge-fund trading website or publishing interactive
engineering textbooks, to developing embedded image-recognition algorithms or
teaching calculus.
Mathematica is renowned as the world’s ultimate application for computations.
But it’s much more—it’s the only development platform fully integrating
computation into complete workflows, moving you seamlessly from initial ideas
all the way to deployed individual or enterprise solutions.
Next-Computation
Suggestions BarThe Suggestions Bar is a new interface paradigm that lets you
navigate and discover functionality throughout the Mathematica system. As soon
as you finish a computation, you will get optimized suggestions about what to
do next. Evaluate a new function or bring up an interactive wizard at the press
of a button.
Context-Sensitive Input Assistant
The Input Assistant will help you automatically complete code, discover
functions and options, and reduce oversights and typographical errors while
coding. Experts will appreciate familiar concepts like auto-completion, code
templates, and dynamic highlighting, while beginners will benefit from quick
documentation access for any function and visualizations to better understand
the structure of Mathematica’s code.
Social Network Analysis
Drawing on Mathematica’s strong graph and network capabilities, Mathematica 9
introduces a complete and rich set of state-of-the art social network analysis
functions. Access to social networks from a variety of sources, including
directly from social media sites, and high level functions for community
detection, cohesive groups, centrality, and similarity measures make performing
network analysis tasks easier and more flexible than ever before.
Units
Mathematica 9 introduces a new unit system containing thousands of different
units, all integrated with Wolfram|Alpha’s sophisticated unit interpretation
system. From unit conversion to dimensional analysis, Mathematica provides you
with all the tools you need to work with, and extract properties from, units
and quantities. Mathematica also includes integration for Quantity in system
functions, including numeric and symbolic calculations, statistics, and
visualizations.
Enterprise CDF Deployment
Mathematica 9 streamlines Computable Document Format (CDF) authoring. New
preview modes emulate Wolfram CDF Player and Wolfram Player Pro directly in
Mathematica—letting you verify your deployed content within your development
environment. An updated CDF Web Deployment Wizard eases deployment to the web
and allows deployment of CDFs with enhanced capabilities for enterprise
applications.
Random Processes
Mathematica 9 adds broad support for random processes, which model systems that
evolve over time in a random rather than deterministic fashion, but where
states that are near in time are dependent. Random processes, like
distributions, are symbolic expressions and can be simulated or estimated from
data, and the value of a process at any point in time is a distribution and can
be fully used as a distribution. Mathematica 9 fully supports a large number of
random processes with some larger groups including parametric processes, finite
Markov processes, queueing processes, time series processes and stochastic
differential equation processes
Markov Chains and Queues
Mathematica 9 provides fully automated support for discrete-time and
continuous-time finite Markov processes and for finite and infinite queues and
queueing networks with general arrival and service time distributions. The
symbolic representation of these processes in Mathematica makes it easy to
query for common process properties, visualize the process, simulate process
paths, perform parameter estimation, do probability operations on time slices,
and compute the stationary distribution and first passage time distribution.
The seamless integration with Mathematica’s powerful hybrid symbolic-numeric
computation engine makes modeling real-world Markov and queueing examples
easier and more flexible than ever before.
Time Series and Stochastic Differential Equations
Mathematica 9 adds extensive support for time series and stochastic
differential equation (SDE) random processes. A full suite of scalar and vector
time series models, both stationary or supporting polynomial and seasonal
components, is included. Time series models can easily be simulated, estimated
from data, and used to generate forecasts. Both parametric and fully general
Ito or Stratonovich processes can be used to specify SDE processes. SDE
processes can easily be simulated numerically and a number of properties can
also be computed symbolically.
Reliability
Mathematica 9 adds complete functionality for reliability analysis to its
already powerful probability and statistics capabilities. All common system
structures such as series, parallel, -out-of-, and consecutive -out-of-, as
well as general configurations, can be analyzed with symbolic and numeric
methods. Warm, cold, and mixed standby systems are supported. A full suite of
importance measures helps pinpoint the most important subsystems to improve for
increased system reliability. The related survival analysis capabilities
provide component models from censored data as would typically be the result
from field tests or accelerated tests.
Survival Analysis
Mathematica 9 provides fully automated, broad-ranging support for handling
censored and truncated data, optimized parametric and nonparametric survival
modeling frameworks, and a range of generalized hypothesis-testing functions,
such as weighted log rank, Wald, likelihood ratio, and score tests. The
seamless integration with Mathematica’s powerful hybrid symbolic-numeric
computation engine makes performing survival analysis tasks easier and more
flexible than ever before.
Enhanced Probability & Statistics
Mathematica 9 adds numerous extensions and improvements to its already very
strong capabilities in probability and statistics. These include additional
parametric distributions, faster nonparametric distributions, additional and
generalized derived and formula distributions. A new type of descriptive
statistics for measuring dependence among components for multivariate data and
distributions has been added, as well as a corresponding set of hypothesis
tests. The ability to associate weights with data points allows most
data-oriented functions to provide weighted estimators, including descriptive
statistics, nonparametric, and parametric distribution estimators. Performance
improvements are available across the board.
Enhanced Graphs and Networks
Mathematica 9 adds numerous extensions and improvements to its already very
strong capabilities in graphs and networks. New capabilities, including the
ability to compute network flows, find graph cuts and partitions, and
automatically visualize groups of vertices and bundle edges. Additional graph
distributions, tours, and graph layouts extend a large collection of features.
Performance improvements are available across the board.
Built-in Integration with R
Mathematica 9 offers built-in ways to integrate R code into your Mathematica
workflow, combining Mathematica’s broad range of capabilities with the
statistical computing language. RLink uses J/Link and rJava/JRI Java libraries
to allow the user to exchange data between Mathematica and R and to execute R
code from within Mathematica. With RLink, R users can use thousands of
functions from across the full Mathematica system.
3D Volumetric Image Processing
Mathematica extends its image processing capabilities to 3D datasets, including
pixel operations, local filtering, morphology, and more. In addition to 3D
surface rendering, fast and interactive volume rendering is available. Volumes
and 3D vector graphics combine seamlessly.
Advanced Image Processing with Large Image Support
Mathematica 9 adds many more capabilities to analyze and process two- and
three-dimensional images using highly optimized algorithms. Introduction of the
interactive Image Assistant, Suggestions Bar, and many more user assistance
features helps solve real-world image processing applications, including image
classification, feature detection, restoration—all more easily and faster than
before.
Interactive Image Assistant
The Image Assistant provides immediate access to common image processing tools,
making it easy to interactively process images using point-and-click—all within
the notebook environment.
Advanced Image Processing with Large Image Support
Mathematica 9 adds many more capabilities to analyze and process two- and
three-dimensional images using highly optimized algorithms. Introduction of the
interactive Image Assistant, Suggestions Bar, and many more user assistance
features helps solve real-world image processing applications, including image
classification, feature detection, restoration—all more easily and faster than
before.
Import and Export Formats
Mathematica 9 adds extensive support for new data formats in areas such as
molecular biology, high dynamic range image processing, and chemical
spectroscopy. In addition, Mathematica 9 offers enhanced performance and new
features for existing data formats, enabling out-of-core processing of large
datasets.
Built-in Signal Processing
Mathematica 9 introduces a new generation of signal processing and analysis,
fully integrated with Mathematica’s comprehensive continuous and discrete
calculus and algebraic capabilities. New features include analog and digital
filter design, and signal filtering and processing that can be applied to
audio, image, and other data, as well as new signal visualization functions and
discrete transforms.
Enhanced Control Systems
Mathematica 9 adds several extensions and improvements to the control system
functionality. PID controllers are the most widely used in industry, and
Mathematica now provides PID tuning with automated workflows. Time delays are
common in systems with communication lags or sensing delays and can create
instabilities. Mathematica’s control system suite now supports modeling and
design of time-delay systems. Descriptor systems allow for explicit
representation of algebraic constraints and are naturally generated from modern
modeling systems. Descriptor systems are now fully supported throughout the
control system framework.
Built-in Symbolic Tensors
Mathematica 9 introduces support for symbolic array objects, from simple
vectors to arrays of any rank, dimensions, and symmetry. New tensor algebra
operations allow the construction of polynomials of symbolic arrays. These can
be simplified into a standard form using efficient algorithms and used to
derive or prove symbolic identities. A new type of structured array stores only
symmetry and independent components. This can lead to substantial memory
saving, most significantly in the case of antisymmetry. New differential
operators for vector analysis can handle explicit arrays of any type and rank
and interpret them in various orthogonal coordinate systems
Enhanced Core Algorithms
Mathematica 9 adds a large number of improvements to existing functionality, as
well as a smaller amount of new functionality. There are new special functions,
such as real-valued algebraic functions from elementary calculus and
Mittag-Leffler’s E function from fractional calculus. Matrix functions are
supplied for all of Mathematica’s special functions and combinations. Numerous
performance and scope improvements across the system have been added.
Full Range of Web Access Support
Mathematica provides full client-side web access for sending data to and
receiving data from remote servers and for interacting with web APIs.
Downloaded data can be analyzed with the full functionality of Mathematica.
Asynchronous access allows AJAX-style programming for performing operations in
the background.
Newly Designed Slide Show Templates
Mathematica 9 punches up presentations with new templates specifically designed
for slide shows. New background images for title slides and subsequent slides
coordinate with fonts and layouts to enhance presentations. A new template
chooser provides a visual menu for selecting a template when creating a new
slide show.
Import and Export Formats
Mathematica 9 adds extensive support for new data formats in areas such as
molecular biology, high dynamic range image processing, and chemical
spectroscopy. In addition, Mathematica 9 offers enhanced performance and new
features for existing data formats, enabling out-of-core processing of large
datasets
